“Good” medical trials are placebo-controlled, but when might it be immoral to even perform such an experiment?
The Ethics of Placebo-controlled Trials: Methodological Justifications (Millum & Grady, 2013) _ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3844122/
The ethics of the placebo in clinical practice (Lichtenberg et al, 2002) - https://jme.bmj.com/content/30/6/551
The ethics of using placebo in randomised controlled trials: a case study of a Plasmodium vivax antirelapse trial - https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-018-0259-4
“The Morality of A/B Testing” - https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/29/ethics-in-a-data-driven-world/
“What really helps the poor?” - https://aeon.co/essays/can-randomised-controlled-trials-test-whether-poverty-relief-works